Subsurface voids pose significant challenges to geotechnical stability. Accurately locating these voids is crucial for ensuring the safety of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole examination, can be time-consuming and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground electrical res
Cavity characterization plays a significant role in geotechnical design processes. A thorough understanding of cavity dimensions and properties is essential for accurately assessing the potential impact on infrastructure . Geotechnical engineers utilize multiple techniques to characterize cavities, including remote sensing . These methods provide
Geophysical exploration utilizes a crucial role in the identification and characterization of potential mineral orebodies. website By employing various physical methods, geologists can survey beneath the Earth's surface to detect subsurface structures and anomalies indicative of mineral presence. These geophysical techniques often involve the reco